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The radiocarbon dating science of China has been propelled to a new level by the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project in the discipline of historical science, which was carried out between 1996 and 2000. The dire need of absolute dates of high resolution in connection to early Chinese civilization motivated the radiocarbon scientists to revolutionize their laboratory facilities and the dating procedures. As a result, the β counting procedures on well-stratified sequential samples and the subsequent calibration of resulting radiocarbon dates with wiggle-matching method have produced absolute chronologies of unprecedented high resolution in Chinese archaeology. They have broadened the field of radiocarbon dating and incidentally have opened new avenues for the study of temporal-spatial frameworks in archaeology. The radiocarbon chronological framework of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project is the product of close collaboration of radiocarbon and archaeological scientists. It represents the cutting edge of radiocarbon dating science in China and supplies the building blocks of a comprehensive absolute chronology of early Chinese civilization. Nevertheless, archaeological fieldworks in recent years have yielded additional dating materials, giving us the opportunity to fine-tuning the absolute chronology of early dynastic China. Because the absolute chronology of Yinxu phase and after has been firmly established attributable to the great wealth of written documentation, the focus of the postproject chronological study falls squarely on refining the absolute chronologies of Erlitou and Erligang Cultures. The goal of this paper is to discuss the implications of the newly-derived absolute dates of this particular time period since the completion of the project.

Establishing and Refining the Archaeological Chronologies of Xinzhai, Erlitou and Erligang Cultures