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In this study, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) 4D flow data for patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) were analyzed based on the spatial resolution of the images. BAV is a congenital heart defect characterized by the presence of two cusps in the aortic valve, leading to various complications. PC-MRI is a noninvasive imaging technique used to assess the hemodynamics in patients. However, interpretation of PC-MRI data can be challenging due to complex hemodynamics, which makes numerical simulations necessary to complement the results. Methods:Within this study PC-MRI 4D flow data in the aortic arch (AA) were compared with hemodynamic numerical simulations based on the MRI resolution for six patient-specific AAs with BAV. First, the segmentations were reconstructed and divided into three groups based on the resolution. Second, the numerical simulations were performed and resulting hemodynamics compared to PC-MRI results at three time points in the cardiac cycle using velocity and wall shear stress. Results: Results from group 1 (highest resolution) show an overestimation of wall shear stress (WSS) values during peaksystole in the three arteries and along the AA and descending aorta (DAo). Nevertheless, velocity mean values show an overall good agreement. Group 2 shows higher velocity magnitudes in the simulation than in PC-MRI. Within group 3, velocity values differ from the measurements. Conclusion: The study shows that with a low resolution, flow patterns can already be evaluated based on PC-MRI, but to get an insight into the flow quantitatively a higher resolution is necessary.

Resolution-based comparative analysis of 4D-phase-contrast magnetic resonance images and hemodynamic simulations of the aortic arch