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For imaging of the vascular structure, angiography is state of the art. This can be done by contrast enhanced XRay, CT or MR imaging. But these modalities typically only show the blood flow and do not allow a depiction of the vasculature itself. To provide information about the vessel walls and plaques narrowing the blood flow, catheter based intra vascular ultrasound or vascular optical coherence tomography can be used. Optical endoscopic imaging is rarely used in vascular diagnosis. But endoscopic imaging can depict superficial inflammations or defects of the intima vessel layer and the real anatomical shape of the inner vasculature e.g. at bifurcations or aneurysms. Since OCT and endoscopic imaging both need a flushing to remove the blood for a short time, a combination of both modalities seems viable. For combining the two modalities, various background studies were performed including the selection of a feasible fibre endoscope, light source and camera system. A new pull-back and flushing device was designed and created for realizing the synchronous image acquisition using the two modalities. For calibration of the system and definition of the pullback and imaging parameters, first tests on artificial phantoms were performed. Then vascular and tissue models were imaged in a combined pullback mode after using the flush for complete blood removal. Endoscopic images were acquired in a video mode. The analysis of the images was done subjectively. As expected, the OCT provided structural information of the wall. The endoscopic images in combination with pullback appear blurry in video mode. The flushing liquid hinders the automatic focusing of the camera. Thus, smaller details could not be identified but bifurcations were visible. Even though the results were not good as expected, the study showed the potential of a bimodal system and addressed the issues faced in the initial implementation.

Optical endovascular imaging combining endoscopy, NBI and OCT, a feasibility study