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Both secretory and cytosolic phospholipase A 2  enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis in animal models, but the exact expression patterns of the enzymes in diseased human joint tissue are uncertain. We investigated the messenger RNA expression of group IIa, IVα and V phospholipase A 2  and localized the presence of group IIa and IVα phospholipase A 2  at protein levels in articular cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and patients with non-arthritic joints. Both group IIa phospholipase A 2  messenger RNA and protein were detected in all samples independent of diagnosis, but were far more prominent in cartilage from rheumatoid arthritis samples. In cartilage with rheumatoid arthritis, the enzyme was detected both within the chondrocytes and in the extracellular matrix, whereas only few osteoarthritic cartilage samples showed positive staining in the matrix. In the cartilage matrix of non-arthritic controls, group IIa phospholipase A 2  was totally absent. Messenger RNA for the group IVα and V phospholipase A 2  was, except for one osteoarthritic cartilage sample, exclusively detected in rheumatoid arthritic cartilage. For group IVα phospholipase A 2  this was also confirmed at the protein level. These results suggest that each phospholipase A 2  enzyme has distinct roles in both healthy and diseased joint tissue, and that the diversity and amount of enzyme correlate with the grade of inflammation and disease severity.

clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (cclm)

Presence of secretory group IIa and V phospholipase A2 and cytosolic group IVα phospholipase A2 in chondrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis