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To examine physical exercise-related changes in urinary excretion of protein/peptide hormones and to correlate modifications with the general increase in post-exercise proteinuria, urine C-peptide, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and their plasma concentrations were measured. Plasma and urinary C-peptide, insulin and IGF-I before (B ex ) and at the end (E ex ) of physical exercise (a 2.5-hour competition, 102 km) were analysed in 20 young cyclists. At E ex  compared with B ex , concentration of urinary C-peptide decreased slightly but significantly (21.3±2.7 vs. 13.5±1.7 nmol/l), but urinary insulin and urinary IGF-I concentrations significantly increased at E ex  (92.5±4.2 vs. 131.4±15.7 pmol/l and 10.0±2.1 vs. 33.6±3.8 pmol/l, respectively). Plasma insulin and plasma C-peptide significantly decreased, whereas plasma IGF-I was unchanged. Urinary concentrations of total proteins and creatinine significantly increased. Both E ex  urinary C-peptide/urinary protein and urinary C-peptide/urinary creatinine ratios were significantly reduced. The correlation between C-peptide and insulin in plasma was confirmed at B ex  as well as E ex , but in urine only at B ex . An increased renal tubular reabsorption of C-peptide at the end of exercise might be suggested, but the expected values considering creatinine excretion were almost three times less. The E ex  urinary insulin concentration was higher than expected, considering the circulation levels, but lower when compared with the expected concentration considering creatinine excretion. Physical exercise proteinuria, related to an increased protein filtration and a saturation of the mechanisms responsible for the reabsorption, does not appear similar for all peptide hormones. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41(10):13081313

Effects of Acute, Heavy-Resistance Exercise on Urinary Peptide Hormone Excretion in Humans