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Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein showing a genetic polymorphism with 3 major types: Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. In this study, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that all three haptoglobin types bind to CD22 on human B-lymphocytes with equal affinity. Comparison of reference values for lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and bone marrow showed significant differences between haptoglobin types. Haptoglobin 2-2 is associated with higher peripheral B-lymphocyte counts (P &lt; 0.001) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (P &lt; 0.05). In bone marrow, CD4+ T-cell percentages were highest (P &lt; 0.001) but B-cell percentages were lowest (P &lt; 0.001) in haptoglobin 2-2 type. A negative correlation between serum haptoglobin 1-1 concentration and peripheral B-cell counts was observed (r = -0.663). Our results suggest that haptoglobin is involved in lymphocyte distribution. The present findings are a potential cause of over- or underestimation of lymphocyte subset counts in the clinical staging of immunodeficiency diseases.

clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

Distribution of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Is Associated with Haptoglobin Type. Binding of Haptoglobin to the B-Cell Lectin CD22