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Hypo-osmotic conditions are among the most stressful environmental factors that affect seaweed physiology and productivity. To improve understanding of hypo-osmotic adaptation and to find genes involved in low salinity stress, we conducted an analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) on the κ-carrageenan-producing red algae,  Kappaphycus alvarezii . Of 454 tentatively unique genes (TUGs), 281 matched protein sequences by BlastX analysis ( e  value≤10 -3 ), 112 TUGs matched ESTs from other agar- or carrageenan-producing red algae, and 98 TUGs were annotated. The transcriptional profiles of six functional genes from  K. alvarezii  ESTs were examined. An ATP-binding cassette transporter gene and a sodium phosphate symporter gene were significantly up-regulated, indicating the importance of membrane transport proteins in coping with hypo-osmotic stress conditions.

Identification of hypo-osmotically induced genes in Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) through expressed sequence tag analysis