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Sediment loading and siltation affect seagrasses directly by burying shoots, and indirectly by attenuating light through resuspension. In the Indo-Pacific tropical region,  Cymodocea serrulata  is considered to be one of the species most tolerant to burial and light attenuation, because it is able to form its canopy in a higher position above the bottom, due to the presence of a long vertical rhizome. To test whether  C. serrulata  survives in shaded environments by forming a tall canopy (through elongation of the vertical rhizome), we compared variability of this species in vertical rhizome length among sites with different levels of siltation and sedimentation with morphological variability in  C. rotundata , which is less tolerant to the stresses. Monitoring of environmental conditions, seagrass collection and morphological measurements of seagrasses were carried out in a meadow in Japan and three meadows in Thailand.  C. serrulata  and  C. rotundata  showed different types of among-site variation. To produce a tall canopy,  C. serrulata  elongated vertical rhizomes, whereas  C. rotundata  extended blades. Upward elongation of the vertical rhizome or blade was not observed in either species in sites with heavier siltation, suggesting upward elongation is not related to low light stress or sedimental burial. As a conspicuous morphological trait, roots on vertical rhizomes of  C. serrulata  were abundant at sites where sediment deposition and erosion occur frequently. Having abundant roots on vertical rhizomes is considered to be adaptive for stabilizing unsettled sediment.

Morphological variation in the tropical seagrasses, Cymodocea serrulata and C. rotundata, in response to sediment conditions and light attenuation