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Spyridia filamentosa  is a commonly encountered species, especially in tropical and warm temperate locations. Molecular data, based on three genetic regions, plus morphological investigation of samples from the northeastern Atlantic reveal that samples identified as  S. filamentosa  from this area are distinct. Genetically these samples are more closely related to  S. clavata  than other  S. filamentosa  samples. Morphologically, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean samples are distinguishable by two (or occasionally one) small axial cells that lack cortication near the base of the determinate branches. Investigation of type material reveals that these samples should be recognized as  Spyridia griffithsiana  (J.E. Smith) Zuccarello, Prud'homme van Reine  et  Stegenga comb. nov. and that specimens of this new combination are found throughout the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and into the western Mediterranean Sea. Phylogeographic relationships within  S. filamentosa  show a complex distribution pattern. Samples from the same location can be in different evolutionary lineages (Cape Verde and Canary Islands). While some lineages seem to be confined to particular ocean basins, other lineages have a much wider distribution.

Recognition of Spyridia griffithsiana comb. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta): a taxon previously misidentified as Spyridia filamentosa from Europe