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We investigated a collection of  Nemastoma  J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomatales, Rhodophyta), including the Mediterranean type material of species described by J. Agardh, Kützing and Ercegovic, and recent specimens from the Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea and northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Based on their habit and vegetative and reproductive structures, we confirm that: (i) all the Mediterranean specimens studied belong to the genus  Nemastoma ; (ii) two species of  Nemastoma  co-exist in the Mediterranean Sea: (a)  N. dichotomum , which is characterized by great plasticity of habit, a cartilaginous thallus in its basal and middle parts, and presumed reproduction exclusively by apomixis; and (b)  N. dumontioides , which is characterized by a regularly pseudodichotomous, saccate-membranous thallus, and which reproduces both sexually and probably apomictically; and (iii) the Atlantic specimens attributed to  N. dichotomum  belong to other genera, and so,  N. dichotomum  is probably endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, three species described by Kützing have been reduced to varieties of  Nemastoma dichotomum : (a) var.  biasolettianum  (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque  et  Vérges comb.  nov.  et  stat. nov., with ligulate upper parts, (b) var.  caulescens  (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque  et  Vérges comb. nov.  et  stat. nov., with wedge-shaped upper parts, and (c) var.  incrassatum  (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque  et  Vérges comb. nov.  et  stat. nov., with spathulate upper parts. Finally,  Nemastoma constrictum  and  N. constrictum  var.  longitrichogynum  are placed in synonymy with  N. dichotomum  var.  caulescens .

botanica marina

The morphology and reproductive structures of Mediterranean species of the genus Nemastoma J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomataceae, Nemastomatales): Nemastoma dichotomum and N. dumontioides