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The use of high-value fatty acids (FA), omega-3 ( n -3), and omega-6 ( n -6) from seaweed could relieve the pressure from natural wild fish sources and reduce overfishing worldwide. This research is designed to explore how the harvest season (winter, spring, and summer) and culture period influence the biomass production yield, lipid content, and FA composition in the green seaweed  Ulva  sp. The studied seaweed was grown in plastic sleeves with flowthrough seawater in Mikhmoret (East Mediterranean, Israel) from July 2019 to December 2020. The  Ulva  species was identified as  Ulva lactuca  Linnaeus by DNA barcoding using  rbc L, ITS, and  tuf A markers. No detectable genetic variability in  U. lactuca  samples was found throughout the research period. A quantitative examination of the lipid and FA content in  U. lactuca  in different harvest seasons revealed that the maximum content of lipids was in the summer, and that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was in the winter. The PUFA profile included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid,  n -3, and  n -6, where the  n -6/ n -3 ratio was comparable with the desired range for a balanced nutritional diet.

Seasonal and culture period variations in the lipid and fatty acid content of Ulva lactuca cultivated in Mikhmoret onshore (Israel)