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We present a three-gene phylogeny, based on nuclear (short fragment of large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, 1150 base pairs), chloroplast (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) and mitochondrial (5′ region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) genes, to determine the position of three species,  Kallymeniopsis verrucosa ,  Beringia castanea  and  Crossocarpus lamuticus  in the Gigartinales. These species were placed by Perestenko in the family Crossocarpaceae, a proposal that was not supported by most phycologists. The goal of this project was to resolve the taxonomic position of these three species and answer the question: Is the Crossocarpaceae a separate family? The concatenated multi-gene phylogeny and the individual gene trees show that these algae nest deeply within the family Kallymeniaceae;  K .  verrucosa  and  C .  lamuticus  are most closely related to species referred currently to the genus  Erythrophyllum , whereas  B .  castanea  is sister to the recently established  Commanderella ruprechtiana . Taking into account the data on morphology, vegetative and reproductive anatomy of different species, we propose to revive the genus  Kallymeniopsis  with three species and to retain  Crossocarpus  as a separate genus.  Beringia  is a separate monotypic genus.

Evidence for the reinstatement of Kallymeniopsis and the merger of the family Crossocarpaceae within the family Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta)