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Various species of marine micro-filamentous green algae (&lt;5 mm) remain overlooked globally. They are difficult to identify in field collections due to their diminutive size and their cryptic morphology. During this study, algal cultures combined with DNA barcoding helped to overcome these challenges. Both substratum samples and macrophytic fragments of  Posidonia oceanica ,  Dictyopteris  sp. and  Halopteris  sp. were incubated in laboratory culture. Germlings of  Ulvella endostraca  and  Blastophysa rhizopus  grew from the incubated substratum.  Blastophysa rhizopus  is a new record for the Maltese islands, as is  U. endostraca  that had only been reported previously from New Zealand.  In situ , germlings of both species were also observed to grow as epiphytes, on  Dictyopteris  sp. in the case of  U. endostraca , and on  P. oceanica  in the case of  B. rhizopus . This study employed the  in vitro  culture of algal germlings, as well as morphological and molecular analyses. DNA data and subsequent phylogenetic analyses of  tuf A and  rbc L sequences supported the separation of  U. endostraca  from other closely related congeners that have been previously reported from the Maltese islands. Moreover, this study includes a comparison of the micro-filamentous algae identified from Malta with those from other areas of the Mediterranean Sea.

Germling culture and molecular analysis of evasive micro-filamentous green algae growing in the Maltese islands (central Mediterranean)