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Seagrass cover is declining worldwide, and successful management, conservation and restoration require a complete understanding of individual species’ life histories. The historically undervalued importance of sexual reproduction in seagrass population dynamics has prompted investigations of reproductive phenology and output. Here, we present the results of a multi-year study examining the reproductive phenology and output of two dominant seagrass species in the northwest Gulf of Mexico,  Thalassia testudinum  (turtle grass) and  Halodule wrightii  (shoal grass). We assessed flowering, fruit and seed production, seed reserve density and plant biomass in several locations along the central Texas coast. Results indicate that reproductive timing and output are heterogeneous over both small and large spatial scales and across years. The percentage of flowering and fruit-bearing  T. testudinum  shoots ranged from 0% to 15% and 0% to 10%, respectively, and fruit densities ranged from 0 to 180 fruits m −2 . Average biomass allocated to reproductive structures for flowering  T. testudinum  shoots ranged from ~27% to 42%. High-density  H. wrightii  seed reserves (3950 seeds m −2 ) were localized and exhibited substantial variation among sites, but average site-specific seed densities were lower (0–611 seeds m −2 ). The results of this study can inform restoration efforts and emphasize the need for understanding factors that influence reproductive timing and output for these species.

botanica marina

Reproductive phenology of the subtropical seagrasses  Thalassia testudinum  (turtle grass) and  Halodule wrightii  (shoal grass) in the northwest Gulf of Mexico