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Molecular analyses of &gt;80 specimens of foliose Bangiales from the coasts of Taiwan reveal that only two species are present:  Pyropia acanthophora  and  Pyropia haitanensis . These species had been previously identified as  Pyropia suborbiculata  (obovoid form),  Porphyra yamadae  (crisped form), and  Pyropia dentata  (ribbon-like form) based on morphology. Populations previously identified as  P. yamadae  from Taiwan and those from the type locality of this species (Ojika Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan) are genetically identical to  Py. acanthophora  and should be treated as a later synonym of  Py. acanthophora , a species originally described from Brazil. Thalli with obovoid blades from northeastern Taiwan that resemble  Py. suborbiculata  and those with lanceolate or linear blades from Penghu Archipelago that resemble  Py. dentata  are also genetically identical to  Py. acanthophora . In contrast to the widespread  Py. acanthophora ,  Py. haitanensis  (previously misidentified as  Py. dentata ) was found only at two sites, both in Keelung City. Among the nine  cox 1 haplotypes of  Py. acanthophora  identified worldwide, eight are present in Taiwan. At least five out of the eight  cox 1 haplotypes are present in populations from the eastern coast of Keelung City. The high level of genetic diversity within a single species supports the need for establishment of a marine ecological area in this region.

Genetic diversity and taxonomy of foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) from Taiwan based on rbc L and cox 1 sequences