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Species delineation in the calcified red algal genus  Dichotomaria  is difficult due to the high degree of morphological similarity observed in these algae; thus, species descriptions are based on a limited set of morphological characters. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of plastid  rbc L and mitochondrial  cox 1 sequences and detailed morphological observations on 28 specimens of  Dichotomaria  from the Indo-Pacific, Bermuda, the Galápagos Islands, and the Lesser Antilles. As a consequence, we propose the new combination  Dichotomaria intermedia  (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov. based on  Galaxaura intermedia.  This species has flattened branches, three to four cortical cell layers, four sterile branches issuing from the hypogynous cell, and a pericarp formed from the basal cell, as in the genus  Dichotomaria . In the  rbc L tree,   D. intermedia  formed a group with  Dichotomaria tenera  from South Africa. Our results confirmed the occurrence of 11 species and one variety:  Dichotomaria apiculata ,  Dichotomaria australis ,  Dichotomaria diesingiana ,  Dichotomaria falcata ,  Dichotomaria hommersandii ,  Dichotomaria intermedia ,  Dichotomaria marginata ,  Dichotomaria obtusata ,  D. obtusata  var.  major ,  Dichotomaria papillata ,  Dichotomaria spathulata , and  D. tenera.  Further study is required to address unidentified genetic groups that cannot currently be assigned to known species groups.

Phylogenetic relationships of Dichotomaria (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) with the proposal of Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov.