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Patterns in the recruitment, distribution, and persistence of three  Ulva  species, which can form green tides, were investigated in relation to surface roughness using artificial substrates on intertidal rocky shores of the southern coast of Korea. The vertical distributions of  Ulva pertusa ,  Ulva linza , and  Ulva compressa  were well separated:  U. compressa  usually dominated in the upper zone and  U. pertusa  and  U. linza  in the lower zone.  Ulva pertusa  recruitment was observed during autumn, when inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the surface water column were highest. However, the recruitments of  U. linza  usually occurred during early winter and spring and that of  U. compressa  during summer–autumn.  Ulva pertusa  showed highest settlement on rough surfaces in both zones, whereas this pattern only appeared in the upper zone for  U. linza  and  U. compressa . These results indicate that settlement patterns may be affected by desiccation in the upper zone and waves in the lower zone. Once blooms occurred,  U. pertusa  persisted for about twice as long as the other two  Ulva  species, suggesting that  U. pertusa  played an important role in community change. This is the first documentation of persistence periods related to recruitment in bloom-forming green macroalgae.

botanica marina

The importance of substratum and elevation in recruitment and persistence of ulvoid algal blooms on rocky intertidal shores of the southern Korean coast