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The paper describes devices which enable the orthodontist (oral surgeon) to accurately determine the forces produced by orthodontic wire or spring constructions. An apparatus was developed with which the force applied by bent wires--various materials and bending methods--could be assessed. This device uses strain gauges arranged in the form of a semi-bridge as sensors. Measurements showed that the smallest application of force was achieved with braided stainless steel wires. With respect to the consistency of the force applied, nickel-titanium alloys (so-called Japanese Ni-Ti) proved the best material for wires bent with electric current. A second device was constructed which permits the evaluation of the compression and tensile forces applied by springs as a function of movement. Here, too, strain gauges were used as sensors. The freely adjustable range can be determined using a digital distance meter with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Measurement of the elastic behaviour of these spring configurations revealed that in comparison with stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloys were much more consistent in terms of force applied. Using these devices, the orthodontist can fit calibrated configurations, thus avoiding unsuitable forces.

biomedizinische technik

Meßapparaturen zur Bestimmung des elastischen Verhaltens verschiedener Drahtkonfigurationen orthodontischer Metallegierungen - Measuring Equipment for Evaluation of the Elastic Behaviour of Various Configurations of Orthodontic Alloy Wire