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Ectopic focal excitations due to abnormal cal- cium (Ca) cycling at the cellular level are believed to under- lie cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms linking subcellu- lar Ca and focal excitations remain elusive though. This work employs a detailed model of spontaneous Ca release (SCR) to study the formation of Ca-mediated triggered ac- tivity in tissue. Due to the stochastic nature of SCR, hun- dreds of simulations were performed to build statistics re- garding frequency, first latency and location of the first ec- topic beats. It could be shown that Ca-overload as well as the strength of electrotonic coupling between cells clearly influence the occurrence of ectopic foci. Cable-like struc- tures resembling those in the Purkinje system are more prone to Ca-mediated foci. Further, foci were not evenly distributed, rather they clustered at tissue boundaries.

Tissue Structure and Ca 2+ -Mediated Ectopic Beats