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The development of protective ventilation strategies for patients suffering from life-threatening lung diseases and the promotion of numerical simulation of lung tissue mechanics requires detailed knowledge about the three-dimensional alveolar micro-structure, their dynamics and elastic properties. Subpleural lung tissue can be observed in animal models utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a high spatial resolution. We present four-dimensional high-speed OCT imaging of single alveoli as a suitable technique for the visualization of the temporal changes of the threedimensional structure during the ventilation with a temporal resolution of 17 stacks per ventilation cycle. The acquired four-dimensional information allows a quantitative evaluation revealing the volume-pressure curve and the compliance for single alveoli.

Four-dimensional optical coherence tomography imaging of subpleural alveoli in mice