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Food-based exposure to arsenic is a human carcinogen and can severely impact human health resulting in many cancerous diseases and various neurological and vascular disorders. This project is a part of our attempts to develop new varieties of crops for avoiding arsenic contaminated foods. For this purpose, we have previously identified four key genes, and molecular functions of two of these,  AtACR2  and  AtPCSl , have been studied based on both  in silico  and  in vivo  experiments. In the present study, a T-DNA tagged mutant, (SALK_143282C with mutation in  AtACR2  gene) of  Arabidopsis thaliana  was studied for further verification of the function of  AtACR2  gene. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that this mutant exhibits a significantly reduced expression of the  AtACR2  gene. When exposed to 100 μM of arsenate (AsV) for three weeks, the mutant plants accumulated arsenic approximately three times higher (778 μg/g d. wt.) than that observed in the control plants (235 μg/g d. wt.). In contrast, when the plants were exposed to 100 μM of arsenite (AsIII), no significant difference in arsenic accumulation was observed between the control and the mutant plants (535 μg/g d. wt. and 498 μg/g d. wt., respectively). Also, when arsenate and arsenite was measured separately either in shoots or roots, significant differences in accumulation of these substances were observed between the mutant and the control plants. These results suggest that  AtACR2  gene is involved not only in accumulation of arsenic in plants, but also in conversion of arsenate to arsenite inside the plant cells.

Functional studies of AtACR2 gene putatively involved in accumulation, reduction and/or sequestration of arsenic species in plants