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It is essential to revisit the global biodiversity, search for ethnopharmacologically relevant plants, and unveil their untapped potential to overcome the complications associated while treating infections triggered by multiple antibiotic-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus .  Catharanthus roseus  (L.) G. Don of the Apocynaceae family is a medicinal plant used for remedial purposes against infectious diseases from ancient times. In this study, we intended to evaluate the mechanism by which the ethanolic extract of  C .  roseus  root (EECRR) causes the reversal of ampicillin resistance in  S. aureus . To achieve this goal, we have stained EECRR-treated  S. aureus  with acridine orange, analysed DNA damage by comet assay, and studied the alteration of plasmid band pattern and expression of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) protein. Experiments revealed better  S. aureus  killing efficiency of EECRR at its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) doses due to DNA damage and reducing plasmid band intensities along with a decline in the expression of PBP2a in EECRR-treated cells at half-MIC dose. EECRR proved to be an efficient growth inhibitor of  S. aureus  that reduces the expression of PBP2a. Therefore, EECRR can also render ampicillin-resistant  S. aureus  susceptible to the antibiotic.

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Catharanthus roseus  (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis