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Lactobacilli ( n  = 24), isolated from human infants and yogurt, showed variable  in vitro  activity against  Salmonella enteritidis  (8.0 ± 1.0 to 16.6 ± 0.5 mm) and other gut pathogens (9.0 ± 1.0 to 15.3 ± 0.5 mm), as determined by a well diffusion assay. The isolates were identified as  Limosilactobacillus fermentum  (FY1, FY3, FY4, IL2, and IL5),  Lactobacillus delbrueckii  (FY6 and FY7),  Lactobacillus  sp. (IL7), and  Lactobacillus gasseri  (IL12). All isolates showed variable  in vitro  tolerance to acidic pH for 3 h and visible growth at pH 4 and in the presence of 0.3% ox-bile. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of  Lactobacillus  isolates indicated resistance against vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and lincomycin. Isolates had variable auto-aggregation and showed variable capabilities to co-aggregate with  S. enteritidis . Based on all tested parameters,  L. fermentum  IL2,  L. fermentum  IL5, and  L. gasseri  IL12 were selected for co-culture experiments, followed by  in vivo  evaluation in Balb/c mice. All the selected isolates resulted in a 100% reduction in  S. enteritidis  in broth.  Lactobacillus  isolates efficiently colonized mouse guts and inhibited  S. enteritidis  colonization. Overall, there was ≥99.06% and ≤4.32 Mean log 10  reduction in  Salmonella  counts in mice feces within 7 days. The study, thus, provided characterized lactobacilli that could be considered as potential ingredients for probiotic formulations intended to prevent  S. enteritidis  infection in humans.

Characterization and evaluation of anti- Salmonella enteritidis activity of indigenous probiotic lactobacilli in mice