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Nitrification in agricultural soil is an important process for food production. In acidic soil, nitrification is however also considered to be a major source of N 2 O production. The nitrification rate largely depends on the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing organisms. To obtain a view of the nitrification rates and N 2 O emission situations in low pH soils in Southern China and understand their relations with the microbial community composition, here we conducted  15 N tracer experiments and microorganism community composition analysis using four acidic agricultural soil samples collected in Southern China. A single dominant community (relative abundance &gt;68%) of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea was observed in the soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. A low amount ofNO3–{\text{NO}}_{3}^{\mbox{--}}was produced from the nitrification in the strongly acidic soil (pH = 4.03), and the calculated nitrification rate in this soil was significantly lower than those of other soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. High N 2 O emissions but low  15 N–N 2 O emissions were observed in the soil with pH = 4.03. Our results suggest that, under aerobic conditions, soil pH is an important factor affecting nitrification through modifying the microorganism composition.

open life sciences

Microorganism community composition analysis coupling with  15 N tracer experiments reveals the nitrification rate and N 2 O emissions in low pH soils in Southern China