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Recently, the RAF protein has been demonstrated to be a direct effector of RAS protein in a RAS-mediated signal transduction pathway. Activations of the RAF1 gene by small mutations, such as point mutations in the kinase domain and a tetrapeptide insertion into conserved region 2, have been suggested from analyses of chemically induced lung cancers in mice and by site-directed mutagenesis. We investigated the presence of small mutations of the RAF1 gene in human lung carcinomas, especially in those not carrying the mutated RAS gene, expecting that aberrations of the RAF1 gene might play a role complementary to RAS gene mutations in tumorigenesis. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of DNA samples from 140 patients revealed no tumor specific mutations of the RAF1 gene in any of these specimens. This result suggests that mutations of the RAF1 gene are not involved in tumorigenesis in human lung.

Absence of Activating Mutations of the RAF1 Protooncogene in Human Lung Cancer