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The  Plasmodium falciparum  ring-erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA)-like putative protein was identified and characterised. PCR and RT-PCR assays revealed that the gene encoding this protein was both present and being transcribed in  P. falciparum  strain FCB-2 16 h after erythrocyte invasion. Indirect immunofluorescence studies detected this protein in infected erythrocyte (IE) cytosol in dense fluorescent granules similar to Maurer's clefts at 16–20 h (parasites in ring and trophozoite stages) and very strongly on IE membranes at 22 h, suggesting that it is synthesised during early ring stages (16 h) and transported to the infected red blood cell (RBC) membrane surface during the trophozoite stage (22 h). Western blotting showed that antisera produced against polymerised synthetic peptides of this protein recognised a 72-kDa band in  P. falciparum  schizont lysate.  P. falciparum  RESA-like peptides used in normal RBC binding assays revealed that peptides 30326 ( 101 NAEKI LGFDD KNILE ALDLFY 120 ), 30334 ( 281 RVTWK KLRTK MIKAL KKSLTY 300 ) and 30342 ( 431 SSPQR LKFTA GGGFC GKLRNY 450 ) bind with high activity and saturability, presenting nM affinity constants. These peptides contain α-helical structural elements, as determined by circular dichroism, and inhibit  P. falciparum in vitro  invasion of normal RBCs by up to 91%, suggesting that some RESA-like protein regions are involved in intra-erythrocyte stage  P. falciparum  invasion.

Characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum RESA-like protein peptides that bind specifically to erythrocytes and inhibit invasion