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Several members of the kallikrein-related peptidase family of serine proteases have proteolytic activities that may affect cancer progression; however, the  in vivo  significance of these activities remains uncertain. We have demonstrated that expression of PSA or KLK4, but not KLK2, in PC-3 prostate cancer cells changed the cellular morphology from epithelial to spindle-shaped, markedly reduced E-cadherin expression, increased vimentin expression and increased cellular migration. These changes are indicative of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important in embryonic development and cancer progression. The potential novel role of kallikrein-related peptidases in this process is the focus of this brief review.

The role of kallikrein-related peptidases in prostate cancer: potential involvement in an epithelial to mesenchymal transition