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Recently, it has been demonstrated that family 2 cystatins upregulate interleukin-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cystatin SA on cytokine production by helper T cells. Human CD4-positive T cells were cultured with phytohemagglutinin in the presence or absence of 0.1 M recombinant cystatin SA1 or SA2. When the amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferonγ (IFNγ) were analyzed in an ELISA system after stimulation with either cystatin, no significantly increased levels of IL-4 were detected. However, the amounts of IFNγ were significantly increased after stimulation with the cystatins. Our results suggest that salivary family 2 cystatins are involved in immune responses through the cytokine network.

Cystatin SA, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, induces interferon-γ expression in CD4-positive T cells