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Mammalian RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a multisubunitenzyme that is decorated with accessory proteins, termed PAFs(polymeraseassociated factors). The presence or absence of distinct PAFs mayaccount for the functional differences of distinct fractions of cellular Pol I,and suggests that PAFs could be targets of regulatory pathways. Here wedescribe and functionally characterize PAF67, a novel 67 kDa protein that istightly associated with a subpopulation of cellular Pol I. BothPAF67-containing and deficient Pol I transcribe nonspecific templates withsimilar efficiency, however, only the enzyme that contains PAF67 is capable ofspecifically transcribing rDNA templates. PAF67 colocalizes with Pol I in thenucleolus at sites of active rDNA transcription, indicating that PAF67 serves arole in rDNA transcription initiation. The results suggest that association ofPAF67 with the core enzyme endows Pol I with the capability to assemble into aproductive transcription initiation complex at the rDNA promoter.

PAF67, a Novel Protein That Is Associated with the Initiation-Competent Form of RNA Polymerase I