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How to define modernity in Urdu literature? This is the subject explored in Cosmopolitan Dreams: The Making of Modern Urdu Literary Culture in Colonial South Asia, the work of Jennifer Dubrow, Professor of Urdu at the University of Washington. Through two nineteenth-century Lakhnavi Urdu newspapers in rivalry – Avadh Akhbar and Avadh Punch – Jennifer Dubrow highlights the central role of periodicals played in the making of a modern Urdu cosmopolitanism. In associating “Urdu,” “modern”, and “cosmopolitanism”, Dubrow stresses how a global network of exchanges – created by new print technology – produced a “shared critical idiom and bonds of affection created through [Urdu] language.” Cosmopolitan Dreams reveals the richness of unexplored Urdu archives and therefore, sheds light on characteristic features of Urdu as a language of modernity. Turning away from a conventional vision of Urdu as the refined language of classical poetry, characterized by elegance and sensibility, Dubrow depicts Urdu as amodern language that laughs at itself and casts a critical eye on contemporary Indian society. Through her sharp analysis of the literary content published in Avadh Akhbar and Avadh Punch, Dubrow underlines a turn in Urdu literary traditions linked to the reorientation of Urdu language in the second half of the nineteenth century. As a result, she defines theUrdu literarymodernity as an ironic and satirical worldview that probes traditional literary forms and uses new literary genres – such as the novel and the short story– to challenge Indian colonial society. Dubrow’s significant contribution lies in the emphasis on readership’s participation in the world-making activity of literature. This entry point is particularly relevant to apprehend the formation of a globally imagined community shaped by Urdu-language speakers. Analyzing various forms of intertextuality, built upon a modern print culture, Dubrow argues that periodicals’ culture transformed the Urdu public sphere in shaping a common imaginary between Urdu-speakers that went beyond regional borders. Consequently, Dubrow asserts that Urdu periodicals created a discursive space – promoting literary

Dubrow, Jennifer: Cosmopolitan Dreams: The Making of Modern Urdu Literary Culture in Colonial South Asia