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We describe  Schikhobalotrema huffmani  n. sp. from  Tylosurus crocodilus  (Péron and Leseur) (Belonidae) collected off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia and  Tylosurus gavialoides  (Castelnau) collected from Moreton Bay, Queensland.  Schikhobalotrema huffmani  n. sp., along with  Schikhobalotrema ablennis  ( Abdul-Salam and Khalil, 1987 )  Madhavi, 2005 ,  Schikhobalotrema acutum  ( Linton, 1910 ) Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1955 and  Schikhobalotrema adacutum  ( Manter, 1937 ) Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1955 are distinguished from all other species of  Schikhobalotrema  Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1955 in having ventral suckers which bear lateral lobes and have longitudinal apertures.  Schikhobalotrema huffmani  n. sp. differs from S.  ablennis  in having an obvious post-vitelline region and a longer forebody. From S.  acutum, S. huffmani  n. sp. differs in having a prostatic bulb smaller than the pharynx and more anterior testis. From S.  adacutum, S. huffmani  n. sp. differs in having more prominent ventral sucker lobes, a conspicuous prostatic bulb and a longer forebody. We also report the first Australian record of  Haplosplanchnus pachysomus  ( Eysenhardt, 1829 )  Looss, 1902 , from  Mugil cephalus  Linnaeus (Mugilidae) collected in Moreton Bay. Molecular sequence data (ITS2, 18S and 28S rDNA) were generated for  Schikhobalotrema huffmani  n. sp.,  H. pachysomus  and archived specimens of  Hymenocotta mulli  Manter, 1961. The new 18S and 28S molecular data were combined with published data of five other haplosplanchnid taxa to expand the phylogeny for the Haplosplanchnata. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses recovered identical tree topology and demonstrated the Haplosplanchnata as a well-supported monophyletic group. However, relationships at and below the subfamily level remain poorly resolved.

Molecular phylogeny of the Haplosplanchnata Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray and Littlewood, 2003, with a description of Schikhobalotrema huffmani n. sp.