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Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a hemoprotozoan tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution that is caused by  Theileria equi  and  Babesia caballi . There are studies reporting the presence of equine piroplasmosis in Turkey but the situation in Erzurum is unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine the situation of equine piroplasmosis in jeered horses in Erzurum. Between April and August 2015, a total of 125 Arabian horse were examined and blood samples were collected. At the time of sampling, animals were also examined for tick infestations and clinical signs. Besides microscopic examination of Giemsastained blood smears, multiplex PCR performed with species specific primers partially amplifying the 18S rRNA gene of  B. caballi  and  T. equi . During the microscopic examination of blood smears,  T. equi  piroplasms were found in 6 (4.8%) samples. In total, 11 (8.8%)  T. equi  DNA were detected with multiplex PCR.  B. caballi  piroplasms or DNA were not obtained. BLAST analysis of the sequenced  T. equi  samples (GenBank: KU921661-KU921667) indicated 98.8–100% identity to each other, and 100% similarity to  T. equi  isolates in South Africa, Iran, China, Sudan, India, Mongolia, Trinidad, Kenya, Spain, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey (Bursa). The results of our study indicate that  T. equi  occurs more frequently than  B. caballi  in the study area. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the molecular detection of equine piroplasmosis in jeered horses in Erzurum, Turkey.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in jereed horses in Erzurum, Turkey