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The pace of anti-malarial drug discovery is often impeded due to the lack of tools to determine the cidality of compounds  in vitro . An anti-malarial compound must have a cidal mode of action, i.e. kill parasites, in order to quickly reduce parasite load. A static compound that merely inhibits growth must be identified early on in the discovery cascade. In this paper, we describe a high-throughput fluorescent assay for determination of the cidality of an anti-malarial compound. The assay works on the principle that cultures treated with a static compound will exhibit re-growth while treatment with a cidal compound leads to a marked reduction in parasite number. Parasite cultures are treated with the drug for 48 or 72 h following which the drug is washed off. Cultures are allowed to recover in drug-free media for 72 h and DNA content estimated using the fluorescent dye SyBR Green I. Following estimation of IC 50  and IC 99  values, we find that the IC 99 /IC 50  ratio is a reliable indicator of the cidality of a compound. Cidal compounds like artemisinin and chloroquine display an IC 99 /IC 50  ratio &lt;5 while the ratio for a static compound like atovaquone is &lt;5. This correlation holds true for various anti-malarial drugs with known modes of action. Importantly, the IC 99 /IC 50  ratio drops to &lt;5 when a compound becomes cidal in action with longer duration of treatment. The assay is robust, reliable and provides a fast and effective means for prioritizing cidal compounds for progression along the drug discovery cascade.

Development of a rapid and reliable assay for in vitro determination of compound cidality against the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum