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Theileriosis caused by  Theileria lestoquardi  (malignant ovine theileriosis) in sheep and  Theileria annulata  (tropical theileriosis) in cattle is an important hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease in Iran. Due to major biologic and phylogenic similarities of these two species, this study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of natural infections with  T.lestoquardi  and  T.annulata  in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. Fifty one cattle were selected based on clinical signs of theileriosis and confirmation by microscopic examination of blood smears. Blood samples were collected from each animal and hematologic and microscopic examinations were performed.  Theileria  piroplasmic forms were detected in all affected cattle. Pale mucous membranes (43.14%), icterus (11.76%) and fever (70.6%) were also observed. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed  T. annulata  infection in all tested cattle while coinfections with  T. lestoquardi  were found in two samples (3.92%). All sampled cattle including the two with mixed species  Theileria  infection were anemic. This is the first report of  Theileria  species cross infections in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran. It can be concluded that cattle can be infected with both pathogenic  Theileria  species,  T. lestoquardi  and  T. annulata  which can be an important issue in the epidemiology and spread of ovine malignant theileriosis.

Detection of Theileria lestoquardi cross infection in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran