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In this paper, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of sign-changing solutions of the fractional  p -Laplacian problems by applying the method of invariant sets of descending flow and minimax theory. In addition, we prove that the problem admits at least one least energy sign-changing solution by combining the Nehari manifold method with the constrained variational method and Brouwer degree theory. Furthermore, the least energy of sign-changing solutions is shown to exceed twice that of the least energy solutions.

Sign-Changing Solutions of Fractional 𝑝-Laplacian Problems