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Shortly after publication of the present writer's work (1935) on the sex-chromosomes of a vole, Evotontys bedfordiae, in which the absence of the Y-chromosome was observed, Matthey and Renaud (1935) produced a short account of the sex-chromosomes of Evotomys glareolus, announcing, in contrast to the present author's results, the existence of the Y-chromosome as a mate of the X, and emphasizing, at the same time, the idea of the constant occurrence of the XY-type of sex-chromosomes through all kinds of Mammalia. Such an idea has already been elaborated by many cytologists since Painter (1925) claimed it for the first time. Adverse to such an opinion, the writer holds that the sex-chro mosomes of Mammalia may sometimes be XY-type, or sometimes XO-type, as in the course of more widely extended observations examples were found in which the Y-chromosome is really absent. Especially among the rodents, Apodemus speciosus ainu (1934) and Evotomys bedfordiae (1935) exhibit XO-type of the sex-chromosomes as the writer believes in striking contrast to species belonging to the genera Rattus and Mus, in which also the XY-complex of the sex-chromosomes was found by the present writer. It is not surprising to the writer to know that his statements obtained from Apodemus and Evotomys may sometimes be con sidered by some authors as if resulting from an erroneous inter pretation, because, they certainly disturb to a great extent the idea of the constant occurrence of the Y-chromosome throughout a definite systematic group of animals. But the writer still feels , after re peated observation of his slides, that no revision or alteration of his ideas is necessitated. Furthermore, the writer's chromosome survey of Japanese wild Muridae has been extended to discover one more example in which the Y-chromosome is certainly absent . That is a

cytologia

Absence of the Y-Chromosome in the Vole, &lt;i&gt;Microtus montebelli&lt;/i&gt; Edw. with Supplementary Remarks on the Sex-Chromosomes of &lt;i&gt;Evotomys&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Apodemus&lt;/i&gt;