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Eight macromutants (albina, xantha, chloroxantha, bushy, thick leaf, dwarf, early flowering and synchronous flowering) were induced in Poshita and Jawahar 22 (recommended varieties) of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal; (Family: Solanaceae) at M2 following EMS treatments (0.25, 0.50, 1.00% for 2 h and 4 h durations) to dry seeds. Albina and Xantha in both varieties and chloroxantha in Poshita were non-viable. Viable mutation frequency was recorded to be 0.00% to 3.00% in Poshita and 0.00% to 2.31% in Jawahar 22; however, estimated mutation frequency over M2 population was 2.54%. Meiosis was nearly normal in mutants as control (2n=48), except chloroxantha of Jawahar 22 (22.58II+2.84I/cell at MI, 57.0% cells with 24/24 separation at AI, 39.27% pollen fertility; control: 23.69II+0.62I/cell at MI, 90.0% cells with 24/24 AI separation, 71.05% pollen fertility). The mutant trait(s) were monogenic recessive to normal. Analysis of morphological parameters (root and shoot attributes including seed yield), secondary metabolites (total alkaloid and withanolides; withaferin A and withanolide A by HPLC) and fibre content of the roots (withaferin A was analyzed also from leaf) of M3 plants revealed that bushy and thick leaf were noteworthy mutants.

EMS Induced Mutagenesis in Poshita and Jawahar 22 of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae)