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Detailed karyotype analysis of somatic chromosomes in 5 species of Typhonium Schott. of the family Araceae was carried out for the first time. The chromosome number varied from 2n=16 in T. flagelliforme to 2n=52 in T. diversifollium. Chromosome number 2n=18 and 2n=26 in T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii respectively suggest formation of anueploids during speciation. The asymmetric karyotype revealed structural alterations with 2 distinct types of chromosomes (long and very short types) as evident in different species of Typhonium. Significant variations in chromosome size were observed among the studied species. TF% revealed sub-metacentric long chromosomes in T. flagelliforme (TF value, 33%) and metacentric short chromosomes in T. diversifolium (TF value, 41%). Average chromosome length varied from 2.03 μm in T. diversifolium, a high altitude species (5000–7000 ft), to 8.68 μm in T. flagelliforme, a low land species (70–250 ft). Significant variations were observed in Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) which varied from 142.05 μm3 in T. trilobatum to 335.02 μm3 in T. flagelliforme; nuclear DNA content varied significantly from 0.199 pg in T. diversifolium to 0.833 pg in T. flagelliforme.

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant