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The somatic chromosome structure has been studied by many cytologist. However, the proximaty of this structure to the resolving power of the light microscope has give rise to our short comprehension on it. The existence of the sheath and of the matrix (Cleveland 1949, Kaufmann 1960, Schrader 1953, Swanson 1942, Swanson 1960), the number of chro monemata possessing the chromosomes during the different periodes of the cell division cycle remain to be explained (Kaufman 1956, Kaufmann 1960, Heitz 1931, Ris 1945, Ris 1962 and Tjio and Levan 1956). By special treat ments with ammonia fumes, hot water or KCN has been possible to show the coiled structure of the metaphase chromosomes (Swanson 1960). The hypothesis of the monostranded anaphase chromosomes and its dupli cation at the early prophase (Darlington 1937) and, on the other hand, the considerations by many other authors on double stranded or polynemic structure of the anaphase chromosome indicate our short knowledges on this matter (Darlington 1955, Ris 1961, Steffensen 1959).

Somatic Chromosome Structure (Observations with the light microscope)