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The family Palmae comprises a large group of palms of which 1100 species are recorded distributed in 131 genera (Blatter 1926) . Some of the genera like Cocos, Elaeis, Areca, Borassus, Phoenix etc. are economically very important. Of these, Cocos nucifera L. and Areca catechu L. are cultivated in vast areas in the West Coast of India. Improvement work on these crops has not until recently received adequate attention at the hands of scientific plant breeders, due mainly to the unique breeding problems presented by them and the lack of accurate cytological data regarding these plants. Santos (1928) was the first to describe meiosis in Philippine materials of Cocos nucifera and his account incorporating some of the older concepts requires revision. He has reported the haploid chromosome number to be n=16, and this has been found to be the same in Indian materials also (Janaki Animal 1945, Sharma and Sarkar 1956). The present study was taken up with a view to follow the course of meiosis in these species and to understand the cytological situation in some of the materials on which breeding work is in progress.

Cytology of <i>Cocos nucifera</i> L. and <i>Areca catechu</i> L