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Circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular system and water-electrolyte balance, while the components of renin-angiotensin system are present in peripheral tissues such as vasculature, kidney, adrenal glands and hearts, acting as a local production system of Ang II. Ang II produced in the peripheral tissues binds to specific receptors through autocrine or paracrine system and exerts growth-promoting effects on tissue remodeling process [1]. Such cell proliferative action by Ang II is now highlighted and the inhibition of local Ang II production appears to become an important treatment for patients with renal [2] or cardiovascular diseases [3, 4]. Ang II exerts a multiple function through its specific receptor. By development of nonpeptide receptor antagonists and molecular cloning of Ang II receptors, Ang II receptors were primarily divided into type 1(AT1R) and type 2 (AT2-R) subtypes [5, 6]. The knock-out mice for AT1-R [7, 8] and AT2-R [9,10]

endocrine journal

Molecular Insights into Angiotensin II Type 1 and Type 2 Receptors: Expression, Signaling and Physiological Function and Clinical Application of Its Antagonists.