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P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux system plays an important role to maintain chemical balance in mammalian cells for endogenous and exogenous chemical compounds. However, despite the extensive characterisation of P-gp potential interaction with drug-like molecules, the interaction of carbon nanoparticles with this type of protein molecule is poorly understood. Thus, carbon nanoparticles were analysed, such as buckminsterfullerenes (C20, C60, C70), capped armchair single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT or C168), and P-gp interactions using different molecular docking techniques, such as gradient optimisation algorithm (ADVina), Lamarckian genetic algorithm (FastDock), and shape-based approach (PatchDock) to estimate the binding affinities between these structures. The theoretical results represented in this work show that fullerenes might be P-gp binders because of low levels of Gibbs free energy of binding (ΔG) and potential of mean force (PMF) values. Furthermore, the SWCNT binding is energetically unfavourable, leading to a total decrease in binding affinity by elevation of the residual area (Ares), which also affects the π-π stacking mechanisms. Further, the obtained data could potentially call experimental studies using carbon nanostructures, such as SWCNT for development of drug delivery vehicles, to administer and assess drug-like chemical compounds to the target cells since organisms probably did not develop molecular sensing elements to detect these types of carbon molecules.

international journal of computational biology and drug design

Multidrug resistance protein P-gp interaction with nanoparticles (fullerenes and carbon nanotube) to assess their drug delivery potential: a theoretical molecular docking study