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Background and Viral Characteristics Human coronaviruses (HCoV) were first described in the mid-1960s. HCoV is an enveloped RNA virus with a single chain and positive polarity. The name “corona” comes from the crown-like spikes on the surface of the virus. Four major subgroups are known as follows: alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Subtypes of coronaviruses circulating in humans (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HKU1-CoV) are mostly viruses that cause colds. Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses that infect many mammals and birds [1]. There are many coronaviruses that have not been transmitted to humans yet but are detected in animals. Before the virus (most likely a bat virus) gained the ability to infect humans, it jumps an intermediate host as occurred in previous outbreaks. It has been revealed that for emerge of SARS-CoV (Severe acute respiratory syndrome), civet cats played an imported role for transmission of disease to humans, whereas one-humped camels played an intermediate host for MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) [2]. SARS-CoV was first defined in February 2003 in Asia (Guandong, China) and has spread to more than two dozen countries in North and South America, Europe and Asia. In about eight months, 8098 people are infected, and 774 people died. Since 2004, to our knowledge, there have been no new cases reported in the world. MERSCoV also causes a severe respiratory disease with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. The disease was seen for the first time in September 2012 in Saudi Arabia, and all the patients with MERSCoV had a history of travel or residence in the Arabian Peninsula and nearby countries. Outside the Arabian Peninsula, the disease was seen in the Republic of Korea in 2015. Again, the outbreak was associated with a traveler returning from the Arabian Peninsula. To date, 2494 people have been infected, and there 858 related deaths were reported related to MERS [2, 3].

New threat: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection and Infection Control Perspective in Turkey