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Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to recalcitrant and persistency of heavy metalsin environment. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of these toxic heavy metals are not economicaland further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Agricultural waste materials being economic and ecofriendlydue to their unique biochemical composition, availability in abundance, renewable, low in cost and moreefficient are seem to be viable option for heavy metal remediation. The major advantages of biosorption overconventional treatment methods include: low cost, high efficiency, minimization of chemical or biological sludge,regeneration of biosorbents and possibility of metal recovery. It is well known that cellulosic waste materials can beobtained and employed as cheap adsorbents and their performance to remove heavy metal ions can be affected uponchemical treatment. In general, chemically modified plant wastes exhibit higher adsorption capacities thanunmodified forms. The functional groups present in agricultural waste biomass viz. acetamido, alcoholic, carbonyl,phenolic, amido, amino, sulphydryl groups etc. Have affinity for heavy metal ions to form metal complexes or chelates.Some of the treated adsorbents show good adsorption capacities for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni. Rice husk as a low-valueagricultural by-product can be made into sorbent materials which are used in heavy metal removal. The mechanismof biosorption process includes chemisorptions, complexation, adsorption on surface, diffusion through pores and ionexchange etc. Agricultural residues are lignocelluloses substances which contain three main structural components:hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin. Lignocellulosic materials also contain extractives. Generally, three maincomponents have high molecular weights and contribute much mass, while the extractives is of small molecular size,and available in little quantity, which announce in heavy metal removal.

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater by Chemically Modified Agricultural Waste Material as Potential Adsorbent-A Review