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| Methanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara), Newbouldia laevis and three of their combinations (50% N. laevis -50% Z. zanthoxyloides, 25% Z. zanthoxyloides -75% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides 25% N. laevis) were screened in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against eggs, infective larvae and adults of Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The effects of the two plant extracts and their combinations were no dose dependent on egg hatching and infective larvae although more potent effects were usually observed with low concentrations. In contrast, dose–response relationship was found for adult worms. On eggs hatching, the combined extracts 50% N. laevis 50% Z. zanthoxyloides and 25% Z. zanthoxyloides 75% N. laevis have showed the same effectiveness like Fagara and N. laevis extracts. Combined plant extracts seemed to be more effective than individual plant extracts on larval migration at less concentrations. Extracts of Fagara and two plant associations (i.e., 50% Z. zanthoxyloides 50% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides 25% N. laevis) reduced adult worm motility. Overall, the combination of 50% Z. zanthoxyloides -50% N. laevis was most effective on all three stages of H. contortus. These results showed that Z. zanthoxyloides (Fagara) and N. laevis used in combined form (50%:50%) were more effective on H. contortus thus both plants association could be used as potential alternative of synthetic drugs to control parasitic infections of H. contortus in small ruminants.

journal of animal health and production

In Vitro Combined Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Newbouldia laevis Methanolic Extracts on Three Life-Cycle Stages of the Parasitic Nematode, Haemonchus contortus