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| Identification of animal species of origin in meat and meat products is a matter of great concerns such as religious, economical, legal as well as medical aspects. Thus, several analytical techniques have been suggested for the identification of meat species either in individual or in mixed samples to protect consumers from the fraudulent and bad habits of marketing. DNA-based techniques especially the techniques based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are recognized as the most appropriate methods employed for species identification in raw and processed meat. PCR techniques including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), PCR with species-specific primers, real-time PCR and PCR-nucleotide sequencing allow identification of meat species under different processing conditions. But the variability of DNA content on the level of species as well as target tissue make the DNA-based methods somewhat unsuitable for the quantification of exact percentages of different species in meat and meat products. For these reasons the proteomic approaches depending on identification of different peptide biomarkers has been developed and employed to give information on the different composition of food. To broad the knowledge about these technologies, this review is compiled in an attempt to provide an overview of the possible PCR-based analytical techniques that could help in identifying the meat species of origin in meat and meat products and threw the light on the identification of species specific peptide biomarkers by proteomic technologies as a new and attractive alternative that could overcome some of the limitations that faced DNAbased methods especially when used for meat exposed to intensive heating of processing as well as for meat mixtures.

Identification of Different Animal Species in Meat and Meat Products: Trends and Advances