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The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) held power in Japan almost unceasingly in the years 1955-2009. It has been widely known as a federation of factions rather than a homogeneous organization. One of the most important among its intra-party groups was Kochikai, a faction created in 1957 by the future Prime Minister Ikeda Hayato. By adhering to a so-called “Yoshida doctrine,” the politicians of Kochikai were able to shape a “conservative mainstream” in the party. During the Cold War they constituted a moderate group within the LDP, opposing remilitarization of Japan and constitutional revision. It was as late as the 1990s that their political beliefs had to face new challenges and the power of Kochikai started to fade. This process was caused not only by the evolution of geopolitical position of Japan, but also by intra-party factors, such as a general weakening of LDP factions. In September 2009 one of the most influential politicians of Kochikai, Tanigaki Sadakazu, was elected as the new party leader after a disastrous defeat of the LDP in parliamentary elections one month earlier. Today’s Kochikai, however, does not have as clear ideological leaning as the faction of Ikeda Hayato. In the paper I examine the evolution of Kochikai’s ideology through the succeeding generations of factional bosses, with an emphasis put on the changes after the end of the Cold War.

Kōchikai of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party and Its Evolution After the Cold War