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Unauthorized data alteration has been a longstanding threat since theemergence of malware. System and application software can be reinstalled andhardware can be replaced, but user data is priceless in many cases. Especiallyin recent years, ransomware has become high-impact due to its directmonetization model. State-of-the-art defenses are mostly based on knownsignature or behavior analysis, and more importantly, require an uncompromisedOS kernel. However, malware with the highest software privileges has shown itsobvious existence. We propose to move from current detection/recovery basedmechanisms to data loss prevention, where the focus is on armoring data insteadof counteracting malware. Our solution, Inuksuk, relies on today's TrustedExecution Environments (TEEs), as available both on the CPU and storage device,to achieve programmable write protection. We back up a copy of user-selectedfiles as write-protected at all times, and subsequent updates are written asnew versions securely through TEE. We implement Inuksuk on Windows 7 and 10,and Linux (Ubuntu); our core design is OS and application agnostic, and incursno run-time performance penalty for applications. File transfer disruption canbe eliminated or alleviated through access modes and customizable updatepolicies (e.g., interval, granularity). For Inuksuk's adoptability in modernOSes, we have also ported Flicker (EuroSys 2008), a defacto standard tool forin-OS privileged TEE management, to the latest 64-bit Windows.

TEE-aided Write Protection Against Privileged Data Tampering