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In R. Macedonia weeds management system in established vineyard based on multiple applications of glyphosate which is required to maintain effective weed control throughout the season. Another approach that may improve weed control and aid in the stewardship of glyphosate use is to apply a pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides prior to a single late post-emergence (LPOST) application of glyphosate. There is limited information whether oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin and flazasulfuron may replace early post-emergence (EPOST) application of glyphosate in established vineyard until its LPOST application in early summer period. For that purpose, two-year field trials were conducted at two vine districts (Kavadarci and Skopje in 2013 and 2014). Pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and flazasulfuron effectively reduced dominant annual weeds and S. halepense seedlings in 2014, but not in 2013. PRE herbicides, regardless year, had very poor or no effect on C. dactylon. Opposite, the efficacy of EPOST applied glyphosate was significantly lower in 2014 compared to 2013. LPOST glyphosate applied at 2.0 L/ha provided at least 94% control of dominant annual broadleaf and grass weeds. LPOST application of glyphosate at 2.0 L/ha and glyphosate at 2.0 and 4.0 L/ha resulted in unsatisfactory weed control of predominant perennial S. halepense, and C. dactylon, respectively. LPOST glyphosate applied at 4.0 L/ha provided control of S. halepense by 84% or more. LPOST glyphosate applied at 8.0 L/ha reduced the amount of S. halepense and C. dactylon at least 97%. No injury symptoms to grapevine growth were observed from PRE herbicide treatments at either district.

Replace of the EPOST glyphosate with pre herbicides and application of different LPOST glyphosate rates for weed control in established vineyard