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Questo studio si e posto due obiettivi: uno e stato quello di valutare gli effetti delle violenze sessuali legate ai conflitti armati, l’altro e stato quello di identificare i fattori in grado di favorire i processi di resilienza di queste vittime che si trovano in situazioni di reinserimento psicosociale. Dal punto di vista metodologico, si precisa che hanno partecipato alla ricerca 23 donne vittimizzate durante periodi legati ai conflitti armati in Costa d’Avorio (2002-2003 e situazione di crisi post-elettorale dal 2010 al 2011). Esse hanno risposto a due set di questionari di autovalutazione psicologica,l’IES-R (Impact of Events-Scale Revised) e il GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire-28). Inoltre, sono state effettuate delle interviste semi-strutturate rivolte a queste donne, ai membri delle loro famiglie o delle loro comunita di appartenenza, agli operatori dei servizi di victim support e ai leader delle loro comunita. Con riferimento all’analisi dei dati, si e utilizzata l’analisi fenomenologica che ha permesso di mettere in evidenza che, sul piano psicologico, fisico e socio-economico, le donne che hanno subito delle violenze sessuali sono state profondamente colpite dal punto di vista affettivo. Tuttavia, lo studio fa emergere alcuni casi di resilienza e indica che, malgrado le avversita, queste donne sono riuscite a superare il loro handicap o il trauma reinserendosi nel tessuto socio-economico. Cette etude poursuit deux objectifs : evaluer les effets des violences sexuelles liees aux conflits armes sur les femmes victimes de violences sexuelles et deceler des facteurs susceptibles de favoriser la resilience de ces victimes en situation de reinsertion psychosociale. Au plan methodologique, ce sont vingt-trois femmes victimes de violences sexuelles liees aux conflits armes en Cote d’Ivoire (2002-2003 et la crise post-electorale de 2010 a 2011) qui ont participe a l’enquete. Celles-ci ont ete soumises a deux series de questionnaires d’autoevaluation psychologique, l’IES-R (Impact of Events-Scale Revised) et le GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire-28). Aussi, des entretiens semi directifs ont ete administres a ces femmes, aux membres de leur famille ou communaute, aux agents de la structure de services de prise en charge des victimes de violences sexuelles et aux leaders communautaires. Du point de vue de l’analyse des donnees, nous avons eu recours a l’analyse phenomenologique. Celle-ci a montre au plan psychologique, physique et socio-economique que les femmes qui ont subies des violences sexuelles ont ete profondement marquees negativement. Toutefois, l’etude met en relief des cas de resilience parmi ces femmes traumatisees. Il ressort que malgre l’adversite, ces femmes ont reussi par un processus de resilience a surmonter leur handicap ou traumatisme pour se reinserer dans le tissu socio-economique. This study has two objectives: to assess the effects of sexual violence related to armed conflict on women victims of sexual violence and identify the factors that promote resilience of the victims in situations of psychosocial rehabilitation. Methodologically, twenty-three women victims of sexual violence related to the armed conflict in Cote d'Ivoire (2002-2003 and the post-election crisis of 2010 to 2011) who participated in the survey. They were subjected to two sets of questionnaires psychological self, IES-R (Impact of Events-Scale Revised) and GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire-28). Also, semi-structured interviews were administered to these women, members of their family or community, the agents of the structure of support services for victims of sexual violence and community leaders. From the perspective of data analysis, we used the phenomenological analysis. This showed the psychological, physical and socio-economic women who have suffered sexual violence were deeply affected negatively. However, the study highlights cases of resilience among these traumatized women. It appears that despite the adversity these women succeeded by a process of resilience to overcome their disability or trauma to reintegrate into the socioeconomic fabric.

Traumatisme, reinsertion psychosociale et resilience chez des femmes victimes de viol pendant les conflits armes en Cote d'Ivoire